Marxist view
Marxism is a worldwide acknowledged method of inquiry of the socioeconomic aspects and is attached to the development of materialistic interpretation, class relation analysis within a certain society, viewing of social change in a dialectical perspective and critiquing the capitalism development. Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx were the two German philosophers who were the proponents of the Marxism. Through Marxist, there are analyses and the methodological layout that have influence the social movements and various political ideologies in history. Marxism entails views that are revolutionary, philosophical methods, sociological theory and economic theory as far as social change is concerned. The theory bases of materialistic parameters in establishing development in a society. Marxists believe that the class struggle is majorly based on the battles that are waged on the exploiters by the workers and that do have an impact on the centers of economy and the production in industries and this was the inception of revolution and war. Through Marxism, there is only the achievement of leading the working class to the struggles of peacetime and not to the horrors that were caused by militarism. (Bloch, 1975)
Marxists have rejected the absolute position of warring among nations. Instead, the policy of the Marxists is to examine all the wars separately and concretely through locating the different historical contexts distinctly. The Marxists believe that war is not immoral, bad or harmful to the people who engage in it.
Frunze’s analysis
Frunze observes that the current day contemporary military are keen on the unified military doctrine. This concern has been discussed and explored in various conferences for the military and there has been the need for shading of light on the idea of Red Army in which there have been practical and theoretical interests that have emerged from the issue. There has been an argument pitted on the reality of the military the a lot of people have various ideas and the relevance or probability of there being adequate skills in the military. The theories and framework that was used by the old military generals worked for them though they are currently being viewed as to have been passed with time and need improvements. Frunze further indicates that the general staff of the old military cannot be blamed for the helplessness and confusion that led to a lot of questions but accounts to the fact that military strength is the key to establishment of a nation. In the analysis, there is the appreciation that there are new social relations that have cropped up and that need to be taken into consideration by any country if there is going to be an effective foreign policy for the strong growth of the citizens.
It is notable that the operations of the military is now taking a broader space especially with the constant increase of the inhabitants of various territories. The military operations are further being affected by the struggles that are endlessly developing and becoming more and more complex to deal with. This is because there has been an advancement in the type of arms that are used, the specialties categories and other advancements. This has elicited for technicalities in the various demands of the military science and art, the achievement of coordination that are strong, general plans that are cohesive and the operations of various military. Frunze compares the earlier military operations to the currents set up and observes that in the previous times, commanders had direct leadership during wars on the individual units that was an overall formation. However, in his analysis, he states that currently, the situation has changed as there is need for agreement, wholeness and unity in the military not only in the periods of operations but from the preparation stages for the operations which amalgamates the roles played by the military and the state as a whole.
This is tied to the Marxist ideology as the state determines the general policy that is particularly the military policy. The military is strengthened throughout the creation of a unit that is compact and united from the bottom to the top, and all the armed departments are connected in their operations. The state generally takes it as its responsibility to achieve the strength in its armed forces.
Kazakhstan’s policy
The foreign policy of Kazakhstan has since its independence, avoided favors to any state in the multi-vectored approach in its foreign policy. The country’s defense ties currently are with the Russian country. This has further been intensified and deepened in a bilateral relationship and through the initiatives that are multilevel and that conform to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Collective Security Treaty Organization’s requirements. There has been a revolution of the armed forces of Kazakhstan. This has been to the effect of trying to achieve professionalism, combat capability and mobility within the armed forces. The defense forces of Kazakhstan have therefore been in close links with the NATO and the United States of America. The country has also been in constant pursuit to get cooperation from Moscow for its defense advancement. This cooperation saw Kazakhstan agree to be part of the defense forces that went to Iraq on a peace keeping mission. This went out to reaffirm the strength and capability of the Kazakhstan armed forces to contribute to the international Peace as well as America’s influence and cordial relationship with nations which were ready to offer good will whenever they were called upon by the United State of America.
After the alienation of Uzbekistan by the Western countries, Kazakhstan was willing to stand in temporarily as the security agent in the nation. Kazakhstan was even identified at some time as the anchor of the NATO in the region of Central Asia.
Kazakhstan Foreign Policy
Immediately after gaining independence, Kazakhstan started formulating its basic principles and concept on the foreign policy. This was in 16th December 1991. The then first president, being keen in attaining steady development in economic and political reforms, determined the country’s main strategies. In that verge of strategics, there were a lot of transformations that were based on the county’s main priorities on Kazakhstan foreign policy. This was further steered by the country’s aim of being fully and inclusively involved in the regional and international events. This elicited for the making of certain decisions by the government. These decisions were made on basis of economic, political and military convenience alongside considerations for achieving reforms that were democratically founded. The decisions were to be made in order to aid the smooth integration of Kazakhstan into the international community. The foreign policy of Kazakhstan is in harmony with the political trends of the world that are moving towards achievement of liberalization.
Marxist analysis
Just as the Marxists do have a softened stance as regarding war, Kazakhstan's main independence achievements and developments were based on the fact that it was to pursue a state that was free from nuclear and be a state that was non proliferation. The foreign policy of the country has led to the establishment of friendly and cordial relationships with most of its neighbors. This has led to lack of intense conflicts pitting the country and any other nations that are neighboring the Kazakhstan. This policy has ensured the Kazakhstan has what is termed by many as a security belt that surrounds its boarders. There have been external relations that are free from any frictions.
Military policy
Kazakhstan was the first country in Asia to host the OSCE meeting. This has been seen by the international community as an important role in achieving peace and security globally. The country has since strengthened its connecting with the NATO in an attempt to play a major role in fighting terror and war. Through pursuit of the United States in its defense, Kazakhstan has managed to build one of the strongest military in the globe. Kazakhstan has therefore managed to build the multi vectored model in its foreign and military policy. Nazarbayev successfully managed to strike a balance between the relations of security and Kazakhstan's own defense despite facing potential challenges based on its relations with the West and Russia especially after the Georgian war that took place in 2008 August for five days. This has led to a lot of tensions between Kazakhstan and these countries.
Kazakhstan has had a number of readjustments in its military policy since it acquired its independence. The country has been working towards unifying its defense forces for effective defense delivery and military strength. However, all the changes have been based on the initially adopted Soviet doctrine. Kazakhstan’s budget for the military has been taking around ten percent of the country’s GDP and has grown to be the highest in the central Asian countries. The armed forces of the country have been intensely reequipped and have been divided into for main divisions namely the Central, Eastern, Western and the Southern divisions which are known as Military Districts. The country has mobile forces and increased the contract servicemen to about twelve thousand. Kazakhstan has been sending military personnel to a number of states in the west specifically to develop and build good relations. The personnel were trained in the West though they had difficulties in blending into the Kazakhstan Forces due to the disparity in the types of equipment used.
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